Ferromanganese Overview

Abstract: In steelmaking, it is used as a deoxidizer and alloy additive and is the most used ferroalloy. The manganese ore used for smelting ferromanganese generally requires 30~40% manganese, the ratio of manganese to ferromanganese is greater than 7, and the ratio of phosphorus to manganese is less than 0.003. Before smelting, manganese carbonate ore needs to be roasted, and powder ore needs to be sintered and agglomerated. Generally, ore with high iron and phosphorus content can only be used in combination, or through selective reduction to obtain manganese-rich slag with low iron and low phosphorus. Coke is used as a reducing agent during smelting, and some factories also use lean coal or anthracite. The auxiliary raw material is mainly lime, and silica is generally added when smelting manganese-silicon alloys.

Ferromanganese: A ferrous alloy composed of manganese and iron. Main categories: high carbon ferromanganese (7% carbon content), medium carbon ferromanganese (1.0~1.5% carbon content), low carbon ferromanganese (0.5% carbon content), metal manganese, mirror iron, silicon-manganese alloy.

Chinese name: ferromanganese foreign name ferromanganese Standard number: GB/T 3795-2005

In steelmaking, it is used as a deoxidizer and alloy additive, and it is the most used iron alloy. The manganese ore used for smelting ferromanganese generally requires 30~40% manganese, the ratio of manganese to ferromanganese is greater than 7, and the ratio of phosphorus to manganese is less than 0.003. Before smelting, manganese carbonate ore needs to be roasted, and powder ore needs to be sintered and agglomerated. Generally, ore with high iron and phosphorus content can only be used in combination, or through selective reduction to obtain manganese-rich slag with low iron and low phosphorus. Coke is used as a reducing agent during smelting, and some factories also use lean coal or anthracite. The auxiliary raw material is mainly lime, and silica is generally added when smelting manganese-silicon alloys.

The general international standard of carbon ferromanganese is 75~80% manganese. In order to adapt to the raw material conditions of low manganese ore, China has stipulated the grades with lower manganese content (electric furnace ferromanganese contains more than 65% manganese, and blast furnace ferromanganese contains 50% manganese. %above). In the past, blast furnaces were mainly used for smelting carbon ferromanganese. With the development of the electric power industry, the use of electric furnaces has gradually increased. Western Europe and China mainly use blast furnaces, Norway and Japan all use electric furnaces, and new ferromanganese plants in the Soviet Union, Australia, Brazil and other countries also use electric furnaces.

Resource overview

Gabon is rich in manganese ore resources. The manganese ore reserves and reserve base are 45 million tons and 150 million tons, respectively, accounting for 6.6% and 3% of the world's total. The annual output is about 900,000 tons, accounting for about 12% of the world's total.

Australia is rich in manganese ore resources in the world. According to statistics, in 1999, the world's manganese (metal) reserves were 680 million tons, and the reserve base was 5 billion tons, which could be used for global mining for more than 600 years. Among them, rich manganese ore resources are mainly distributed in South Africa, Gabon, Brazil, Australia and other countries, while low-grade manganese ore resources are distributed in Ukraine, India, Georgia and Myanmar and other countries. At the end of 1998, Australia's manganese ore reserves were 30 million tons, accounting for 4.4% of the world's total, and the reserve base was 80 million tons, accounting for 1.6% of the world's total, ranking fifth. Australia's annual output of manganese ore is about 1 million tons, accounting for more than 10% of the world's total output. The main production mine is on Groot Island, and the deposit has proven and probable resources of 98 million tons, with an average manganese content of 49.7%.

Brazil Brazil is one of the important mining countries in the world, and its manganese ore resources and production occupy an important position in the world. Brazil's proven manganese reserves amount to 21 million tons, accounting for 3.1% of the world's total, and the reserve base is 56 million tons, accounting for 1.12% of the world's total, mainly distributed in the Amapá region, Minasji and Mara. The Azul manganese deposit in Carajas has high grade and high-grade battery manganese ore, which can provide a large amount of manganese ore; the Ulukun manganese ore in the west also has large reserves and has been mined.

General situation of manganese ore resources in my country

Resource Features

   Throughout my country's manganese ore types, resource distribution, geological characteristics, and technical and economic conditions, there are the following characteristics:

1. The distribution of manganese ore resources is unbalanced. Although 21 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in my country have found manganese ore, most of them are located in the southern region, especially in Guangxi and Hunan provinces and regions, accounting for 56% of the national manganese ore reserves. The pattern is dominated by Guangxi and Hunan.

2. The scale of the deposits is mostly medium and small. Among the 213 manganese mines in my country, there are only 7 large ones, and the rest are medium and small deposits, which makes it difficult to make full use of modern industrial technology for mining. Over the years, more than 80% of the manganese mine production comes from local sources Medium and small mines and private mines.

3. The quality of the ore is poor, and it is dominated by lean ore. Among the manganese ore reserves in my country, the reserves of manganese-rich ore (manganese oxide ore containing more than 30% manganese and manganese carbonate ore containing more than 25% manganese) only account for 6.4%, and some manganese-rich ores are in Industrial processing is still required for utilization. Lean manganese ore reserves account for 93.6% of the country's total reserves. Due to the low grade of manganese ore, high impurity content and fine particle size, the technical processing performance is not ideal.

4. The ore material composition is complex, high phosphorus, high iron manganese ore, and manganese ore containing associated (co) primary metals and other impurities, occupying a large proportion of my country's manganese ore reserves, such as the Sinian "Xiangtan-style" manganese ore in the south About 100 million tons of reserves belong to high phosphorus and difficult to use manganese ore.

5. The ore structure is complex and the particle size is fine. The process mineralogy research on some manganese ores in Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Fujian and Yunnan, the main manganese ore producing areas in my country, shows that most of the manganese deposits are fine-grained or micro-fine-grained. This increases the difficulty of selection.

6. Most of the deposits are of sedimentary or sedimentary metamorphic type, and the mining conditions are complex. Nearly 80% of manganese ore in my country is of sedimentary or sedimentary metamorphic type. This type of ore deposit has a wide distribution area. Underground mining, the mining technology conditions are poor. The reserves suitable for open-pit mining only account for 6% of the country's total reserves.

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